Inoperative components. Higher minimums are prescribed when the specified visual aids are not functioning; this information is listed in the Inoperative Components Table found in the United States Terminal Procedures Publications.
INS. See inertial navigation system.
Instantaneous vertical speed indicator (IVSI). Assists in interpretation by instantaneously indicating the rate of climb or descent at a given moment with little or no lag as displayed in a vertical speed indicator (VSI).
Instrument approach procedures (IAP). A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under IFR from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
Instrument flight rules (IFR). Rules and regulations established by the Federal Aviation Administration to govern .ight under conditions in which .ight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR .ight depends upon . ying by reference to instruments in the .ight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals.
Instrument landing system (ILS). An electronic system that provides both horizontal and vertical guidance to a speci.c runway, used to execute a precision instrument approach procedure.
Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimums speci.ed for visual meteorological conditions, requiring operations to be conducted under IFR.
Instrument takeoff. Using the instruments rather than outside visual cues to maintain runway heading and execute a safe takeoff.
Interference drag. Drag generated by the collision of airstreams creating eddy currents, turbulence, or restrictions to smooth flow.
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The United Nations agency for developing the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fostering planning and development of international civil air transport.
International standard atmosphere (IAS). A model of standard variation of pressure and temperature.
Inversion illusion. The feeling that the aircraft is tumbling backwards, caused by an abrupt change from climb to straight-and-level .ight while in situations lacking visual reference.
Inverter. A solid-state electronic device that converts D.C. into A.C. current of the proper voltage and frequency to operate A.C. gyro instruments.
Isogonic lines. Lines drawn across aeronautical charts to connect points having the same magnetic variation.
IVSI. See instantaneous vertical speed indicator.
Jet route. A route designated to serve .ight operations from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL 450.
Jet stream. A high-velocity narrow stream of winds, usually found near the upper limit of the troposphere, which . ows generally from west to east.
KIAS. Knots indicated airspeed.
Kollsman window. A barometric scale window of a sensitive altimeter used to adjust the altitude for the altimeter setting.
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儀表飛行術(shù)語 Instrument Flight Glossary
