High-Altitude Landing....................................20-14

Common Errors During Landing....................20-15
Go-Around...........................................................20-15

Common Errors ..............................................20-15
After Landing and Securing................................20-15

Chapter 21—Gyroplane Emergencies
Aborted Takeoff.....................................................21-1

Accelerate/Stop Distance..................................21-1 Lift-off at Low Airspeed and High Angle of Attack ............................................21-1
Common Errors ................................................21-2
Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) ............................21-2
Buntover (Power Pushover) ..................................21-3
Ground Resonance ................................................21-3
Emergency Approach and Landing.......................21-3
Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear............21-4

Chapter 22—Gyroplane Aeronautical Decision Making
Impulsivity.............................................................22-1
Invulnerability .......................................................22-1
Macho....................................................................22-2
Resignation............................................................22-2
Anti-Authority .......................................................22-3

Glossary.................................................................G-1
Index........................................................................I-1

Helicopters come in many sizes and shapes, but most share the same major components. These components include a cabin where the payload and crew are carried; an airframe, which houses the various components, or where components are attached; a powerplant or engine; and a transmission, which, among other things, takes the power from the engine and transmits it to the main rotor, which provides the aerodynamic forces that make the helicopter fly. Then, to keep the helicopter from turning due to torque, there must be some type of antitorque system. Finally there is the landing gear, which could be skids, wheels, skis, or floats. This chapter is an introduction to these components. [Figure 1-1]
 

THE MAIN ROTOR SYSTEM
The rotor system found on helicopters can consist of a single main rotor or dual rotors. With most dual rotors, the rotors turn in opposite directions so the torque from one rotor is opposed by the torque of the other. This cancels the turning tendencies. [Figure 1-2]
In general, a rotor system can be classified as either fully articulated, semirigid, or rigid. There are variations and combinations of these systems, which will be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 5—Helicopter Systems.