旋翼機(jī)飛行手冊(cè) ROTORCRAFT FLYING HANDBOOK

時(shí)間：2011-04-05 11:32來(lái)源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

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BASIC FLIGHT MANEUVERS
Conducting flight maneuvers in a gyroplane is different than in most other aircraft. Because of the wide variety in designs, many gyroplanes have only basic instruments available, and the pilot is often exposed to the airflow. In addition, the visual clues found on other aircraft, such as cowlings, wings, and windshields might not be part of your gyroplane’s design. Therefore, much more reliance is placed on pilot interpretation of flight attitude and the “feel” of the gyroplane than in other types of aircraft. Acquiring the skills to precisely control a gyroplane can be a challenging and rewarding experience, but requires dedication and the direction of a competent instructor.
STRAIGHT-AND-LEVEL FLIGHT
Straight-and-level flight is conducted by maintaining a constant altitude and a constant heading. In flight, a gyroplane essentially acts as a plumb suspended from the rotor. As such, torque forces from the engine cause the airframe to be deflected a few degrees out of the vertical plane. This very slight “out of vertical” condition should be ignored and the aircraft flown to maintain a constant heading.
The throttle is used to control airspeed. In level flight, when the airspeed of a gyroplane increases, the rotor disc angle of attack must be decreased. This causes pitch control to become increasingly more sensitive. [Figure 20-7] As this disc angle becomes very small, it is possible to overcontrol a gyroplane when encountering turbulence. For this reason, when extreme turbulence is encountered or expected, airspeed should be decreased. Even in normal conditions, a gyroplane requires constant attention to maintain straight-andlevel flight. Although more stable than helicopters, gyroplanes are less stable than airplanes. When cyclic trim is available, it should be used to relieve any stick forces required during stabilized flight.

Figure 20-7. The angle of the rotor disc decreases at higher cruise speeds, which increases pitch control sensitivity.
CLIMBS
A climb is achieved by adding power in excess of what is required for straight-and-level flight at a particular airspeed. The amount of excess power used is directly proportional to the climb rate. For maneuvers when maximum performance is desired, two important climb speeds are best angle-of-climb speed and best rate-ofclimb speed.

Because a gyroplane cannot be stalled, it may be tempting to increase the climb rate by decreasing airspeed. This practice, however, is self-defeating. Operating below the best angle-of-climb speed causes a diminishing rate of climb. In fact, if a gyroplane is slowed to the minimum level flight speed, it requires full power just to maintain altitude. Operating in this performance realm, sometimes referred to as the “backside of the power curve,” is desirable in some maneuvers, but can be hazardous when maximum climb performance is required. For further explanation of a gyroplane power curve, see Flight at Slow Airspeeds, which is discussed later in this chapter.

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