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航空術(shù)語詞典Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms 中

時(shí)間：2011-03-11 23:13來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：admin 點(diǎn)擊：次


IFR aircraft (air traffic control). An aircraft conducting flight in accordance with instrument flight rules.
IFR conditions. 14 CFR Part 1: “Weather conditions below the minimums allowed for flight under visual flight rules.”
IFR military training routes (air traffic control). Routes used by the Department of Defense and associated Reserve and Air Guard units for the purpose of conducting low-altitude navigation and tactical training in both IFR and VFR weather conditions below 10,000 feet MSL at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS.
IFR over-the-top. 14 CFR Part 1: “With respect to the operation of aircraft, means the operation of an aircraft over-the-top on an IFR flight plan when cleared by air traffic control to maintain ‘VFR conditions’ or ‘VFR conditions on top’.”
IFR takeoff minimums and departure procedures (air traffic control). Minimums listed in 14 CFR Part 91, prescribing standard takeoff rules for certain civil users. At some airports, obstructions or other factors require the establishment of nonstandard takeoff minimums, departure procedures, or both, to assist pilots in avoiding obstacles during climb to the minimum en route altitude. Those airports are listed in NOS/DOD Instrument Approach Charts (IAPs) under a section entitled “IFR Takeoff Minimums and Departure Procedures.” The NOS/DOD IAP chart legend illustrates the symbol used to alert the pilot to nonstandard takeoff minimums and departure procedures.
When departing IFR from such airports or from any airports where there are no departure procedures, SIDs or ATC facilities available, pilots should advise ATC of any departure limitations. Controllers may query a pilot to determine acceptable departure directions, turns, or headings after takeoff. Pilots should be familiar with the departure procedures and must assure that their aircraft can meet or exceed any specified climb gradients.
IGFET (insulated gate field effect transistor). A field-effect transistor whose gate is insulated from the channel by a layer of silicon oxide.

igniter (gas turbine engine component). A component in a gas turbine engine used to ignite the fuel-air mixture when the engine is being started. Some igniters resemble spark plugs used in reciprocating engines, while others are glow plugs heated yellow-hot with electrical current.
ignition (heat engine operation). The procedure by which the temperature of a portion of the fuel-air mixture in the engine is raised high enough for the hydrocarbon fuel to begin combining with the oxygen in the air. This heat is normally provided by an electrical spark.
ignition harness (reciprocating engine ignition system component). The complete set of high-tension cables, terminals, and connectors used to carry high voltage from the magnetos to the various spark plugs in the engine.
ignition timing (reciprocating engine). The timing of the ignition spark with respect to the piston position in the cylinder of a reciprocating engine. For the most power to be produced, the fuel-air mixture must be ignited while the piston is still moving upward on the compression stroke. This allows time for the burning mixture to produce its maximum push on the piston just as it starts down on the power stroke.

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