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Pilot/Controller Glossary 飛行員/空管術(shù)語

時間:2011-08-13 13:07來源:藍天飛行翻譯 作者:航空 點擊:

(b)
MID RVR - The RVR readout values obtained from RVR equipment located mid-field of the runway.

(c)
ROLLOUT RVR - The RVR readout values obtained from RVR equipment located nearest the rollout end of the runway.

VISIBILITY (ICAO) -

(1)
FLIGHT VISIBILITY - The visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight.

(2)
GROUND VISIBILITY - The visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by an accredited observer.

(3)
RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE/RVR - The maximum distance in the direction of take-off or landing at which the runway or the specified lights or markers delineating it can be seen from a position above a specified point on its centering at a height corresponding to the average eye-level of pilots at touchdown.


VISUAL APPROACH (P/CG) - An approach conducted on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan which authorizes the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must, at all times, have either the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight. This approach must be authorized and under the control of the appropriate air traffic control facility. Reported weather at the airport must be ceiling at or above 1,000 feet and visibility of 3 miles or greater.
VISUAL APPROACH (ICAO) - An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain.
VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR - (See Airport Lighting)
VISUAL DESCENT POINT/VDP - A defined point on the final approach course of a non-precision straight-in approach procedure from which normal descent from the Minimum Descent Altitude to the runway touchdown point may be commenced, provided the approach threshold of that runway, or approach lights, or other markings identifiable with the approach end of that runway are clearly visible to the pilot.
VISUAL FLIGHT RULES/VFR - Rules that govern the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions. The term "VFR" is also used in the United States to indicate weather conditions that are equal to or greater than minimum VFR requirements. In addition, it is used by pilots and controllers to indicate type of flight plan. (See Instrument Flight Rules, Instrument Meteorological Condition)
VISUAL HOLDING - The holding of aircraft at selected, prominent, geographical fixes which can be easily recognized from the air. (See Hold, Holding Fixes)
VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS/VMC - Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima. (See Instrument Meteorological Conditions, Visual Flight Rules, Instrument Flight Rules)
VISUAL SEPARATION - A means employed by Air Traffic Control to separate aircraft in terminal areas. There are two ways to effect this separation:
(1)
The tower controller sees the aircraft involved and issues instructions, as necessary, to ensure that the aircraft avoid each other.

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