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Bit Error Rate The number of bit errors in a sample divided by the total number of bits in the sample, generally averaged over many such samples. Blind Transmission A transmission from one station to another station in circumstances where two-way communications cannot be established but where it is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission. Block II / IIA The satellites that will form the initial GPS constellation at FOC. Bore sight The main lobe electrical (radio) axis of an antenna. Bottom-Up Approach A specific scientific approach to a problem or opportunity, starting with an individual component contributor view and increasing on each iteration toward the overall holistic view. Bottom-up Process Activity controlled by external cues and commands. Also used to describe behaviour which is primarily driven by incoming information. Boundary Demarcation line to separate a system from its environment. Boundary Intermediate System An Intermediate system which is able to relay data between two separate routing or administrative domains. Breaks The time in a shift when an individual or group of individuals is not at the workplace. This includes lunch, rest breaks, and all other forms of workplace release from work for recuperation purposes. Briefing With regard to training a briefing is an introduction to a training event, during which interruption of the student’s activity is not normally anticipated (e.g. OJT and simulation). Broadcast The protocol within the Mode S system that permits uplink messages to be sent to all aircraft in cover and downlink messages to be made available to all interrogators that have aircraft wishing to send the message under surveillance. Broadcast Sub network Broadcast sub networks (e.g., LANs) are often used to connect ISs and ESs within a small geographical area with media offering relatively high data throughput with relatively low delays. Buffer zone The defined airspace volume around the object to be protected by a non-predictive Safety Net. Built in Test Equipment Internal self check facilities in electronic equipment which allow the correct operation to be monitored on a continuous basis. Many checks may be GO-NOGO tests, with a failure causing a visual (or possibly audio) alarm to be given. Business idea An organisation's mental model of the forces being its current and future success.

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Business Plan
A document or series of documents intended to determine the mission, goals and individual objectives of an organisation in preparation for implementation over some stated period of time.
Calculated Take Off Time The reference time of an ATFM slot. Calculated Time of Arrival The time that a flight is calculated to arrive over a point, based on current position (if known), flight plan data, the adopted route including any adopted speed restricted segments and current weather data. This time does not include any anticipated delay due to metering process. Calculated Time Over The time that a flight is calculated to arrive at the runway or over a fix, based on current position (if known), flight plan data, the adopted route including any adopted speed restricted segments and current weather data. This time does not include any anticipated delay due to metering (AMAN) process. Cancellation Ratio The clutter to noise ratio at the output of a processor divided by the clutter to noise ratio at the input of a processor. The processor may be MTI, MTD or ASP. The cancellation ratio is averaged over all target speeds. Cancelled NOTAM A NOTAM for which the Item C date-time has been brought forward by another NOTAM (NOTAMC or NOTAMR). Candidates Individuals whose applications have been accepted for further consideration in the selection process but have not yet been selected finally as ab initio trainee controllers. Capacity Capacity expresses the capability of the ATM (ATC & Airports) system in a given airspace (e.g. a particular ACC; a number of ACCs within a region; all ACCs of ECAC) to cope with the traffic demand. It can be represented by the curve showing the relationship between the traffic handled and the ATFM delay created by congestion in this airspace. "Capacity" is the level of traffic handled for a given level of ATFM delay within the airspace considered. For a particular airspace, this "capacity" depends on the pattern of the traffic demand (geographical and temporal distribution), on the ATC sector configuration, on the capacity of the surrounding airspace (network effect) and of course on the offered capacities (in size and in time). The concept cannot be assimilated to the last parameter only. Career The sequence of a person’s work-related activities, behaviours, associated attitudes, values and aspirations over the span of one’s life (McMahon and Merman, 1987). Career and personal development The process by which an organisation promotes its employees’ growth within the organisation. Career Development The outcomes of actions on career plans. The outcomes that are may be based on the needs of the organisation and / or the individual (Storey, 1979). Career Identity The extent to which career is central to one’s identity.